Meningitis is a serious infection of the protective lining around the brain and spinal cord. It can develop rapidly and requires urgent medical attention, especially during an outbreak. While meningitis can affect anyone, it is more common in babies, children, teenagers and young adults. Bacterial meningitis can lead to life-threatening septicaemia (blood poisoning) and may cause long-term health complications if untreated.
Symptoms of meningitis can appear suddenly and may vary between individuals.
Some people won’t experience all symptoms, and in the early stages the signs can resemble less serious illnesses like flu.
In babies and young children, additional signs may include:
If symptoms appear, don’t wait for a rash or every symptom to show, seek immediate help.
Meningitis and septicaemia progress quickly early recognition and treatment can be life-saving.
Call 999 and go to your nearest A&E immediately if you suspect meningitis or septicaemia.
Do not wait for all symptoms to develop.
Contact NHS 111 if you’re unsure but worried about any symptoms or exposure.
If you’ve already seen a clinician and remain concerned, seek medical help again without delay.
During a confirmed outbreak, be especially vigilant for early signs, particularly fever, rash, severe headache or neck stiffness. Trust your instincts: if something feels seriously wrong, urgent medical assessment is essential.
Vaccination remains one of the best ways to protect against certain types of meningitis. Ensure your immunisations, including MenACWY and other routine vaccines, are up to date.
Meningitis can be caused by bacterial or viral infections. It is typically spread through close, prolonged contact, such as coughing, sneezing or kissing. Transmission is more common in environments where people live or socialise closely together.